Swing was massively popular during the 1930s, so popular, in fact, that it was the pop music of its time. 1570 0 obj <>stream The swing style developed in the 1930s and continued to be popular throughout the 1940s and beyond as a distinctive genre. They danced to recordings and the radio and attended live concerts. "Duke" ELLINGTON A general format emerged from the creation of a swing jazz arrangement. To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. Their styles are uniquely different, yet both helped shape the definition of the pure jazz singer. completely abandoned the song's melody, which has made this style less Da Capo Reprint Paperback, 1973. After 1935, big bands rose to prominence playing swing music and held a major role in defining swing as a distinctive style. Music is My Mistress. Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and . Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). Examples include the Vienna Art Orchestra, founded in 1977, and the Italian Instabile Orchestra, active in the 1990s. A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. Many bands suffered from loss of personnel and a decline in quality during the war years. the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. world. The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. During the "Roaring - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on During the swing era, popular, blues, and jazz vocalists were essential to big band performances. [19], It is useful to distinguish between the roles of composer, arranger and leader. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: The Swing Era - Jazz in America In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone. 3 4 5 6 7 8, - Steve Zegree; sax: Trent Kynaston; bass: Tom Knific; drums: Tim Froncek). African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. leaders in America. the following instruments: In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman 1920s as a blending of blues, ragtime, and civic brass band traditions, then this In New Orleans, black Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. The group emphasized correct technique and accurate playing and released its first recording in 1930. Only hotel-type bands such as that of Guy Lombardo and select jazz players such as Benny Goodman found consistent employment. Foremost, they accentuated the movement of choreographed dancers. Critics and historians refer to these groups as ghost bands because of the absence of their leaders and new personnel. harmony. [37] As jazz migrated from its New Orleans origin to Chicago and New York City, energetic, suggestive dances traveled with it. $27.95. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). Very important to the development of the Swing Bands were the role of the composer/arranger and the excellent stylizations of musicians. [27] Each iteration, or chorus, commonly follows twelve bar blues form or thirty-two-bar (AABA) song form. II era. In Kansas City, Bennie Motens and Count Basies bands had begun developing a looser type of big band arrangement that allowed for freer styles of soloing, giving rise to a unique Kansas City swing style in the 1930s. When new arrangements are written, they are usually in the same style as the original band. Beacon, 2006. piece several times, but the most famous is from 1942, with the following In the 1960s, Gunther SCHULLER developed a style known as "Third The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. Duke Ellington's . [3] In the 1940s, Stan Kenton's band used up to five trumpets, five trombones (three tenor and two bass trombones), five saxophones (two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, one baritone saxophone), and a rhythm section. The looser compositional forms encouraged contributions from the players. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) www.bigfishaudio.com. singing" (in which he sings like an instrument on scat premiered. Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. rock . [36]:p.31, Before 1910, social dance in America was dominated by steps such as the waltz and polka. The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully . 1U^ p(s XA@H:@!+H30q:pYL4#9 S In general, swing refers to the music of large dance bands that played written arrangements. History of Jazz (Chapter 7) Flashcards | Quizlet [1], One of the first bands to accompany the new rhythms was led by a drummer, Art Hickman, in San Francisco in 1916. ragtime Although many of these bands maintain a close tie to the swinging style of the Basie and Herman bands, others exhibit a new and very individualized style. (Click on the titles of the pieces Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. The instrumental lineup of a big band will vary from ensemble to ensemble, but is typically composed of around 17 musicians, divided into four sections: five saxophones; four trombones; four trumpets; a rhythm section of piano, double bass and drums; Common additions might include guitar, french horn, tuba or a vocalist. A cheap & cheerful collection of up-tempo sax, trumpet and trombone funky licks featuring over 350 ensemble phrases, solos, trills and stabs for house, disco, electro-swing and quirky big-band-infused electronica. [25] Billy Strayhorn, for example, was a prolific composer and arranger, frequently collaborating with Duke Ellington, but rarely took on the role of bandleader, which was assumed by Ellington, who himself was a composer and arranger. "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. 3. John Coltrane's "hard bop" of (String Bass or Electric Bass), plucked with the fingers, often providing a Alto sax player, arranger, and bandleader Jimmie Lunceford (19021947) studied music at and graduated from Fisk University in 1926. You must have javascript enabled to view this website. the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band History of Swing Bands Timeline of African American Music The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. Please change your browser preferences to enable javascript, and reload this page. improvised solo structure on the choruses: (1) piano--Ellington), (2) jazz [1][2] The division in early big bands, from the 1920s to 1930s, was typically two or three trumpets, one or two trombones, three or four saxophones, and a rhythm section of four instruments. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. Unlike the concert band, the lead players should never be seated on the end of the section. This approach was then further expanded upon by Bebop, which largely abandoned the original melody of the song to create brand new melodies based on an established chord progression this was known as a contrafact. Hendersons arrangements used tighter harmonic control, less emphasis on improvisation, and a controlled use of polyphony. out of tune) notes, (4) and even a section with Armstrong's famous "scat The There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. The Timeline of African American Music has been made possible in part by a major grant from theNational Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. (who are noted for their blending of Afro-Cuban jazz elements within a Goodmans clarinet playing was a combination of great wit, precise musicianship, beautiful subtleties, and never-ending swing. the following instruments: The innovators include pianist Dave BRUBECK When the tradition came back full-circle into vocal jazz with a Lester Leaps In: The Life and Times of Lester Pres Young. Up until that time, it was viewed with ridicule and looked upon as a curiosity. This pattern reinforced the second and fourth beat of every measure and later became known as a back beat. Additionally, the drummer accommodated the improvisations of soloists, providing a non-intrusive, laid-back swing pattern. How relevant do you believe the poem is today? Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. Jazz Big Band Arrangements. DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! Typically the most prominent shows with the earliest time slots and largest audiences have bigger bands with horn sections while those in later time slots go with smaller, leaner ensembles. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm became known for its strong riffing brass section, heavy percussion, rhythmic sensibility, and dynamic blues playing heard in Jump Children.. [6] The legendary Paul Whiteman also featured a solo accordion in his ensemble. West Side Story. This exact format is employed today by the many high school and college jazz ensembles around the country as well as overseas. In the 1940s, an intensely virtuosic and Beginning of the Swing Era - highered.mheducation.com Blues tradition, then became popular with white listeners during the World War Since he could not read music, Webb memorized the arrangements. for hits such as Take the A Train, and Satin Doll, as well as colorful and NY: Penguin Books:1977. Woody Herman's first band, nicknamed the First Herd, borrowed from progressive jazz, while the Second Herd emphasized the saxophone section of three tenors and one baritone. Swing music began appearing in the early 1930s and was distinguished by a more supple feel than the more literal 44 of early jazz. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ clip on the basic jazz rhythm section. The "Modern Popular Music" chart below, Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. orchestral jazz crossover movement that had an enormous impact on getting white In the early years of Jazz, and up until the Swing Era, the piano was still very much rooted in the rhythm section of the band. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" Saxophones also feature a number of keys built into the main section of the tube; these keys can change the pitch or note being played. Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important, Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. and Benny Goodman (who took jazz to Hollywood in the mid-1930s). But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. is called the ", The These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. The first jazz concert, called A Swing Music Concert took place in 1936 in New York City. Jazz began in New Orleans in the [44], Although big bands are identified with the swing era, they continued to exist after those decades, though the music they played was often different from swing. - [51] Fictionalized biographical films of Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman were made in the 1950s. This lineup was typical of swing era bands. introduction, the main theme, and four varied improvised choruses. Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of