ammonia reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen and water

Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. + 3H2O(l). In contrast, plant material is typically low in nitrogen, and associated decomposers may take up ammonia and reduce its aqueous concentration. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9(2):527-548. in: Muller R, Lloyd R (Eds). What volume of nitrogen dioxide gas will be produced if 30.5 grams of ammonia is reacted with excess oxygen? However, the most common problems associated with ammonia relate to elevated concentrations affecting fish growth, gill condition, organ weights and hematocrit (Milne et al. Identify the following as a strong electrolyte, a weak electrolyte, or a non-electrolyte, and why. 2002, Disruption of blood vessels and osmoregulatory activity, causing stress to the liver and kidneys, Camargo and Alonso 2007, Sampaio et al. Complete ionic equation:2H+(aq) + 2ClO3(aq) + Zn2+(aq) + 2OH(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2ClO3(aq) + 2H2O(), Net ionic equation:2H+(aq) + 2OH(aq) 2H2O(). if 5.0 mol of CO2 are produced, how many moles of O2 were reacted? Consider the following reaction, where X represents an unknown element:6X(s) + 2B2O3(s) B4X3(s) + 3XO2(g)If 155 grams of X reacts completely with diboron trioxide to produce 2.15 mol of B4X3, what is the identity of X? Calculate the moles of nitrogen monoxide produced by the reaction of 0.090 mol of oxygen. Step 1: Data given. 3CuO(s) + 2NH3(g) N2(g) + Cu(s) 80% or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. 2005). The concentration of unionized ammonia (NH3) is derived from well-established formulas (see link to calculator below). Reduction in ammonia-sensitive species and processes: Salmonids tend to be particularly sensitive in acute exposures associated with episodic sources. Released nitric oxide readily converts to nitrogen dioxide, Suppose 6.09 mol of calcium is reacted with 4.00 mol of oxygen gas. Determine the principal stress at point AAA. The company, Tsubame BHB, have implemented the synthesis process into a module, and aiming to be adopted in distributed locations close to ammonia users. What mass of oxygen (O2) is required to react completely with 21.4 g of C6H14? 1.88 moles of oxygen are needed to completely react with 2.50 moles of ammonia. 3: Chemical Reactions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Mancl K, Veenhuizen M (1991) Avoiding Stream Pollution from Animal Manure. [16][17] Using this option, ammonia can be recovered either as a liquid or as ammonium hydroxide. Science Chemistry Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. Therefore, rather than being ammonia and oxygen, they like to react with each other to produce low energy compounds. When ammonia concentrations or fluctuations increase within streams, ammonia concentrations within aquatic organisms may rise owing to reduced nitrogen excretion and increased diffusion of ammonia across gill membranes. Determine the number of moles of calcium left over after the reaction is complete. Consider listing ammonia as a candidate cause when the following sources and activities, site evidence and biological effects are present: The amount of ammonia in surface waters is influenced by many human activities in waterbodies and their associated watersheds. Thus, high concentrations of ammonia are physically precluded by consistent volatilization from turbulence. This would be straightforward in a hydrogen economy by diverting some hydrogen production from fuel to feedstock use. Temperature also affects the toxicity of ammonia to aquatic life. But in the presence of platinum catalyst, ammonia This paper is a case study that investigates the potential for lethal and sub-lethal effects to a mix of vertebrate and invertebrate species in freshwater bodies in Canada. Ammonia reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide, NO, & water. Wiley-Interscience, New York NY. Determine the number of moles of oxygen left over after the reaction is complete. Aluminum hydroxide is not the limiting reactant because more than 0.55 g of water could have been produced from 1.2 g of aluminum hydroxide. Cu behaves as a catalyst and NH3 will be oxidized to NO. However, ammonia concentrations will be affected if flow changes during the year, and this should be considered. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to 2 significant digits. WHen ammonia is oxidized by oxygen, oxidation number of N in NH3 increases from -3 to a higher higher oxidation number such as 0 or +2. Before the start of World War I, most ammonia was obtained by the dry distillation of nitrogenous vegetable and animal products; by the reduction of nitrous acid and nitrites with hydrogen; and also by the decomposition of ammonium salts by alkaline hydroxides or by quicklime, the salt most generally used being the chloride (sal-ammoniac). There is no overall reaction. A is the leftover reactant because you need only 2 moles of A and have 3. { "01A:_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01B:_Review_of_the_Tools_of_Quantitative_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Atoms,_Molecules,_and_Ions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Stoichiometry:_Quantitative_Information_about_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Energy_and_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_The_Structure_of_Atoms" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Structure_of_Atoms_and_Periodic_Trends" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Bonding_and_Molecular_Structure" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Orbital_Hybridization_and_Molecular_Orbitals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Gases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Homework : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Laboratory : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Text : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Worksheets : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FUniversity_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock%2FChem_1402%253A_General_Chemistry_1_(Belford)%2FHomework%2F03%253A_Chemical_Reactions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 4: Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information about Chemical Reactions, Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions, Molecular, Complete Ionic andNet Ionic Equations, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, \(\ce{Na+}(aq)+\ce{Cl-}(aq)\ce{Ag+}(aq)+\ce{NO3-}(aq) \rightarrow \ce{AgCl}(s)+\ce{Na+}(aq)+\ce{NO3-}(aq)\), \(\ce{CH3OH}(g)+\ce{O2}(g)\rightarrow \ce{CO2}(g)+\ce{H2O}(g)\), \(\ce{2H2O}(l)\rightarrow \ce{2H2}(g)+\ce{O2}(g)\), \(\ce{H+}(aq)+\ce{OH-}(aq)\rightarrow \ce{H2O}(l)\). Heating metals such as magnesium in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen produces the nitride, which when combined with water produce the metal hydroxide and ammonia. So electrons of three N-H bonds are attacked towards nitrogen atom. If 2.45 g of ethanol reacts with 10.7 g of oxygen, how many moles of water are produced? Increases in internal ammonia concentrations can have several detrimental effects, including reduced immune, osmoregulatory, nervous system and respiratory function. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego CA. Because of relatively low single pass conversion rates (typically less than 20%), a large recycle stream is required. Channel alteration and water withdrawals can reduce ammonia volatilization due to changes in water velocities and depths. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reation. Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Rice EW, Greenberg AE, Franson MAH (Eds.) When ethane (C2H6) is reacted with oxygen in the air, the products are carbon dioxide and water. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 3:159-167. Calculate the mass of water produced when 7.82 g of methane, CH4, reacts with an excess of oxygen in the following unbalanced reaction. The American Oil Co in the mid-1960s positioned a single-converter ammonia plant engineered by M. W. Kellogg at Texas City, Texas, with a capacity of 544 m.t./day. Copper oxide (CuO) is a black In the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, oxidation number of hydrogen in H2S does not change. The method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons is known as steam reforming. A parentheses is used after each compound to indicate state of each substance. 1 Answer Ernest Z. Apr 1, 2016 40.7 L of . Because discharging ammonia laden water into the environment, even in wastewater treatment plants, can cause problems, nitrification is often necessary to remove the ammonia. (meaning there is no precipitate formed). Impoundment of stream channels can result in decreased ammonia volatilization upstream of impoundments, due to decreased water velocities (and increased water depths). N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 Identifying the type of suspended material present is important in identifying candidate causes. Ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4) reacts with carbon monoxide in the reaction below. This reaction is used in ostwald process 0.25 mol SO3 From the statement magnesium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to produce magnesium nitrate and water, identify the reactants and the products. 0.28 mol SO3. At non-toxic concentrations, ammonia acts as a nutrient and can stimulate microbial and plant production (see the nutrient module for more information on these pathways). Disruption of this gradient causes internal ammonia concentrations to increase, affecting internal organs, nervous system function, and respiration. Also calculate the maximum in-plane shear stress at this point. solid and produced copper has red-brown color. Due to ammonia's critical role in intensive agriculture and other processes, sustainable production is desirable. This means: when the reaction consumes 4 liters of ammonia (and 5 liters of oxygen) it produces 4 liters of nitrogen monoxide. In this process, N2 and H2 gases are allowed to react at pressures of 200 bar. First think I should ask is, why do you use NH3 to generate power? Ammonia is consistently among the top five chemicals produced in the United States. Refer to the following unbalanced equation: The complete and net ionic equations will be identical if there are no spectatorions. Freshwater Biology 48:1329-1352. Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen (O2) gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. gaseous H 2 S from solid Zn and S via a two-step process (first a redox reaction between the starting materials, then reaction of the product with a strong acid) Answer. 2002, Bosakowski and Wagner 1994, Repression of immune system, causing increased susceptibility to bacteria and parasitic diseases, Agricultural and urban runoff (fertilizer), Presence of organic suspended solids or floc, High plant production (e.g., algal blooms), Reduction or absence of ammonia-sensitive species, Physiological effects (e.g., decreased nitrogen excretion, decreased oxygen binding to hemoglobin), Behavioral effects (e.g., loss of equilibrium, hyperexcitability, increased breathing), Morphological effects (e.g., proliferation of gill lamellae, reduction of lymphoid tissue in the spleen, lesions in blood vessels, mucus secretion), Organismal and population effects (e.g., decreased growth and abundance, mass mortality), Concentrations measured continuously over time at the site are the same as or less than ammonia at sites without observed biological impairment (. With supply of heat, ammonia reacts with oxygen and "color(red)(cancel(color(black)("K"^"-1""mol"^"-1"))) 273.15 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("K"))))/(100 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("kPa")))) = "40.7 L"#. Constable M, Charlton M, Jensen F, McDonald K, Craig G, Taylor K (2003) An ecological risk assessment of ammonia in the aquatic environment. One element replaces another element in a compound. Unionized ammonia is very toxic to aquatic animals, particularly fish, because it can readily diffuse across gill membranes (Sampaio et al. Question: Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen (O2) gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. Excessive organic wastes in water may result in a grayish cast with visible sludge deposits in depositional areas. According to the equation below, how many moles of oxygen are produced by decomposing 36.8 g of hydrogen peroxide(molar mass = 34.0 g/mol)? China produced about 32.6% of the global production in 2014, while Russia, India, and the U.S. produced 8.1%, 7.6%, and 6.4%. a) Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide according to the following equation: 4Na + O 2 --> 2Na 2 O. element (See the figure). [21] This situation repeated in September 2021 due to a 250-400% increase in the wholesale price of natural gas over the course of the year. Environment Canada and Health Canada (2001), IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety) (1986). Write a balanced chemical equation for Doubtnut 2.59M subscribers Subscribe 3K views 2 years ago Ammonia reacts with oxygen to. The method was developed between 1895 and 1899. b) Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the following equation: N 2 + 3H 2 --> 2NH 3. Checklist of Sources, Site Evidence and Biological Effects, Consider Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Consider Contributing, Modifying and Related Factors as Candidate Causes, Consider Not Listing (Eliminating) Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Sources and Activities that Suggest Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Site Evidence that Suggests Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Biological Effects that Suggest Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Site Evidence that Supports Excluding Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia (U.S. EPA 1999), Fish Hatchery Management Calculators - Table 9, Ammonia Calculator, Priority Substances List Assessment Report for Ammonia in the Aquatic Environment, Environmental Health Criteria 54: Ammonia, 1999 Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia, Atmospheric Ammonia: Sources and Fate. oxidation number of nitrogen in ammonia is +3. The reaction between ammonia and oxygen will result in the formation of nitrogen gas and water molecule. [19] Ultimately, these effects may result in changes in population and community structure and ecosystem function. (b) Aluminium burns is chlorine to form aluminium chloride (AlCl3). Manufacturers have to make the tin(II) fluoride first, though, before they can add it to their products. Diamond J, Mackler D, Rasnake W, Gruber D (1993) Derivation of site-specific ammonia criteria for an effluent-dominated headwater stream. For example, in 2002, Iceland produced 2,000 tons of hydrogen gas by electrolysis, using excess electricity production from its hydroelectric plants, primarily for the production of ammonia for fertilizer. a brown colour and very toxic gas. From the statement sodium metal reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, identify the reactants and the products. A typical modern ammonia-producing plant first converts natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, or petroleum naphthainto gaseous hydrogen. The method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbonsis known as steam reforming. Write and balance the chemical equation. Conceptual diagrams are used to describe hypothesized relationships among sources, stressors and biotic responses within aquatic systems. What mass of nitric oxide could be produced if 68.0 g of ammonia is mixed with 35.0g of Get Started just know that you should be careful when attempting this. High density of fish: Reduced stream flow may concentrate fish into pools or other refugia, concentrating waste excretion and elevating ammonia concentrations. Consider a general unbalanced reaction in which two reactants make one product: Following information you know about the reaction: Consider that calcium metal reacts with oxygen gas in the air to form calcium oxide. Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water. The balanced chemical equation between ammonia and oxygen is : \(\ce{Ca(OH)2}(s)+\ce{H2S}(g)\rightarrow \ce{CaS}(s)+\ce{2H2O}(l)\); \(\ce{Na2CO3}(aq)+\ce{H2S}(g)\rightarrow \ce{Na2S}(aq)+\ce{CO2}(g)+\ce{H2O}(l)\), solid ammonium nitrate from gaseous molecular nitrogen via a two-step process (first reduce the nitrogen to ammonia, then neutralize the ammonia with an appropriate acid), gaseous hydrogen bromide from liquid molecular bromine via a one-step redox reaction. Nitrogen of ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen gas from -3 oxidation state to 0 oxidation state. In 2018, high oil prices resulted in an extended summer shutdown of European ammonia factories causing a commercial CO2 shortage, thus limiting production of carbonated drinks such as beer and fizzy soft drinks. Not: Hence, the equation for gaseous ammonia reacts with gaseous oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen monoxide and gaseous water is $4N{{H}_{3}}(g)+5{{O}_{2}}(g)\to 4NO(g)+6{{H}_{2}}O(g)$. Yes. If the molar mass of A is less than the molar mass of B, then B must be limiting. Choose the best answer. If it is possible, how it happens? How many grams of steam must react to produce 381 g of ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4)? Wilson J, Iwata K, Iwama G, Randall D (1998) Inhibition of ammonia excretion and production in rainbow trout during severe alkaline exposure. Starting with a natural gas(CH Webster J, Swank W (1985) Within-stream factors affecting nutrient transport from forested and logged watersheds. gaseous hydrogen bromide from liquid molecular bromine via a one-step redox reaction. Industries (e.g., coal-fired power plants and other industrial facilities) also may release ammonia to the environment. and oxygen is reduced to water. If 154.6 g carbon monoxide is reacted with excess Ferrous ferric oxide, what mass of carbon dioxide will be produced? Excrement and sewage are high in ammonia, so signs of such material in a waterbody may suggest ammonia as a candidate cause. 2.1 mol SO3, The balanced equation tells us that 8.0 mol of Cu. Starting with a natural gas (CH4) feedstock, the different steps used in the process of producing hydrogen are the following: To produce the desired end-product ammonia, the hydrogen is then catalytically reacted with nitrogen (derived from process air) to form anhydrous liquid ammonia. Consider that calcium metal reacts with oxygen gas in the air to form calcium oxide. So if we have 12.7 moles of carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide, and methanol have a 1:1 mole-to-mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, then we will also . Relatively pure nitrogen can be obtained by air separation, but additional oxygen removal may be required. Each involves the reaction symbolized by the equation: Not: Electronegativity of nitrogen is higher than hydrogen. [7] In recent years thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers has expanded its annual production capacity for alkaline water electrolysis to 1 gigawatt of electrolyzer capacity.[8]. 2000). American Public Health Association, Washington DC. Nitrogen of ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen gas from The first form of nitrogen produced by the process of mineralization is ammonia, NH 3. According to the unbalanced equation below, how many moles of antimony trichloride are formed when 4.00 mol of antimony is reacted with 5.14 mol of chlorine? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Camargo J, Alonso A (2007) Inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: causes and consequences. reactants: nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2). Many human activities and associated sources can contribute to high ammonia concentrations in aquatic systems, which can lead to lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic organisms. The summer blooms of cyanobacteria and increase in pH were said to be associated with intensification of effects from agriculture and wastewater treatment plants, in part due to NH3. For the reaction The key innovation of Uhde's dual-pressure process is a single-flow synthesis loop at medium pressure in series with a conventional high-pressure synthesis loop.[5]. This paper discusses three major effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution, in the form of NH4+, NH3, NO2-, HNO2, and NO3-, in detail: acidification of freshwater ecosystems without a large acid-neutralizing capacity, proliferation of primary producers causing eutrophication, and toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. . The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Why is it important for an equation to be balanced? ", "Gas crisis: No chance lights will go out, says government", Energy Use and Energy Intensity of the U.S. Chemical Industry, Ammonia production process plant flow sheet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_production&oldid=1136801653, The first step in the process is to remove, The gaseous hydrogen sulfide is then adsorbed and removed by passing it through beds of, The carbon dioxide is then removed either by absorption in aqueous, The final step in producing the hydrogen is to use catalytic, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 06:13. Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. Environment International 32:831-849. Also Bacteria play a key role in the nitrogen cycle. in: Blackmon R (Eds). How many liters of NO are produced when 2.0 liters of oxygen reacts with ammonia? How do you solve a stoichiometry problem? 2000). According to the reaction conditions, products also vary. Landfill leachate samples are collected and used in the toxicity tests with different pH values. Write a balanced chemical equation for each neutralization reaction in Exercise 3.6.2. Refer to the following equation: How many moles of ammonia will be required to produce 10.9 mol of water? Ohio State University Extension. Because the synthesis gas was essentially free of impurities, two axial-flow ammonia converters were used to attain a high ammonia conversion. Ammonia (NH3) is a common toxicant derived from wastes (see Figure 1), fertilizers and natural processes. This study uses toxicity testing to determine if ammonia and alkalinity are major factors in the toxicity of landfill leachate to duckweed. Ammonia reacts with oxygen to from nitrogen and water. Ammonia is a key component of the nitrogen cycle in streams, where it may be dissolved in the water column or associated with sediments. In the reaction below, how many moles of chlorine molecules are needed to react with 18.6 g of sodium hydroxide? 9.3 mol SO3 Write oxidation numbers of those elements close to the each (Hint: Water is one of the products. Invertebrates, particularly arthropods, are generally less susceptible than fish. For example, taxa particularly sensitive to unionized ammonia, such as unionid mussels and fish, may decrease, while more tolerant organisms become more dominant. step 1: \(\ce{N2}(g)+\ce{3H2}(g)\rightarrow \ce{2NH3}(g)\) , step 2: \(\ce{NH3}(g)+\ce{HNO3}(aq)\rightarrow \ce{NH4NO3}(aq)\rightarrow \ce{NH4NO3}(s)\ce{(after\: drying)}\); \(\ce{H2}(g)+\ce{Br2}(l)\rightarrow \ce{2HBr}(g)\); \(\ce{Zn}(s)+\ce{S}(s)\rightarrow \ce{ZnS}(s)\) and \(\ce{ZnS}(s)+\ce{2HCl}(aq)\rightarrow \ce{ZnCl2}(aq)+\ce{H2S}(g)\).

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