The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review. CBD oils being bought in high street stores such as Boots and Holland & Barrett are weak, low quality and don't provide the actual therapeutic advantages. Tanret, I. and Duh, D. [Pharmaceutical sheet. A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 161 patients having acute lower back pain. Documented adverse effects (the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, have substantial risk of causing fatal liver damage and can cause abortion). Phytomedicine, 14(1), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.006, Jedlinszki, N., Balzs, B., Csnyi, E., & Csupor, D. (2017). 2011;10(3):147-56. Add comfy to Vaseline . View abstract. This is not recommended due to the presence of chemicals that can cause organ damage and cancer. A few studies show that comfrey cream may be helpful in the treatment of ankle sprains. Adv.Ther 2000;17(4):204-210. Set aside cup for the cream recipe and store the rest in a glass jar. Wien Med Wochenschr. This is done by soaking the root in at least 50% alcohol for a minimum of two weeks. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Nyman) in children: A randomized double-blind study. Medicine makers would bind comfrey leaves and roots in poultices, then apply those poultices to the skin to treat injuries. Available for Android and iOS devices. Herbal/health supplements should be purchased from a reliable source to minimize the risk of contamination. Using a supplement like comfrey may have potential side effects. Jurcu, R., & Jurcu, I. Aust.Fam.Physician 2008;37(4):235-236. Am J Med 1990;89:547-8. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. It has bell-shaped red-violet or yellowish flowers. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. All rights reserved. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. Dosage: How Much Comfrey Cream Should I Use? Electric bowl mixer (like a KitchenAid) or a blender, Small glass jars with lids for sharing (optional). Potters Comfrey Ointment | Holland & Barrett 2013;21(6):724-45. What is niacinamide? Wang YP, Yan J, Fu PP, Chou MW. Comfrey is avoided on cuts or puncture wounds for this reason. Vickers AJ, Vertosick EA, Lewith G, et al. Taking comfrey along with a medication that can harm the liver might increase the risk of liver damage. comfrey cream holland and barrettfeathered friend questions and answers. British Homeopathic Journal, 90(01), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0460. Barna, M., Kucera, A., Hladikova, M., & Kucera, M. (2012). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. 2020;142:104519. The comfrey plant, Symphytum officinale, gets its name from the Latin confervere, meaning to grow together. 1.35 Fl Oz. View abstract. cup organic, unrefined cocoa butter To make this recipe, first, you must prepare the comfrey root tincture. hollandandbarrett.ie is a trading name of Holland & Barrett Retail Limited. Navarro VJ, Khan I, Bjrnsson E, Seeff LB, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH. Comfrey also is known as Russian comfrey, knitbone, radix consolidate, bruisewort, blackwort, and slippery root. Modern science suggests that the ancients were correct in believing comfrey helps to heal woundsand relieve pain.3,4 In this article, well explain where comfrey comes from, comfrey oils remarkable health benefits and how to use it at home. It can grow up to 5 feet tall. Journal of chiropractic medicine, 10(3), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.01.003, Stam, C., Bonnet, M. S., & van Haselen, R. A. A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey (Symphytum spp.). Frost R, O'meara S, Macpherson H. The external use of comfrey: a practitioner survey. Toe was infected and painful. Comfrey may also be used for purposes not listed in this product guide. Wichtl, M. (2004). Capsicum Cream Holland And Barrett Recipes You and your healthcare provider should weigh the pros and cons and use it only under their supervision. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis. Finally, well warn of any side effects associated with comfrey oil. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. The Herbal Academy makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions. cup organic safflower oil NCCIH. Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. Comfrey: ancient and modern uses. Efficacy of a comfrey root (Symphyti offic. Symphyti) in the treatment of ankle distorsions: Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. However, even if supplements are third-party tested, that doesn't mean they are necessarily safe for all or effective in general. DOI:10.1211/PJ.2021.1.69803. 2 cups organic, unrefined coconut oil Megan Nunn, PharmD, is a community pharmacist in Tennessee with over twelve years of experience in medication counseling and immunization. Potters Comfrey Oil | Holland & Barrett Comfreycontains PAs, substances that can cause significant damage, including: Therefore, it should never be taken by mouth. 2012;26(10):14411448. Be sure to use comfrey root from a reputable source that has properly identified the species. Avoid taking comfrey orally (by mouth). To reduce the risk of side effects, never apply comfrey cream to broken skin or open wounds as it may be more highly absorbed by the body. Rad. Comfrey oil is made by infusing the leaves and roots of a comfrey plant with a neutral oil. A member of the borage family, comfrey root, leaves, and stems have an obvious coat of bristly hair. You can purchase the Comfrey Ointment at Boots, Tesco, Sainsbury's or Holland & Barrett. (2004). For this reason, some topical products are advertised as made from comfrey leaves, but it's safest to choose a PA-free product. Save the remaining liquid alcohol portion. While there can be a variety of causes for back pain, these small studies offer hopeful results that comfrey root may offer potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits. Koll, R., Buhr, M., Dieter, R., Pabst, H., Predel, H. G., Petrowicz, O., & Staiger, C. (2004). Skin patch test before use, especially if you have sensitive skin, and never use on a deep wound. As we are constantly reviewing and developing our products to meet our consumer needs, consumers, particularly those that suffer from allergies and intolerances, should always check product labelling, warnings, and directions provided with the product that is delivered, prior to use or consumption. Other drugs may interact with comfrey, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Supplements marketed for body-building (ex.. Comfrey is not recommended for children under three years old, as it's not been studied in that population. Available at: https://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr06.html. J Chiropr Med. radix) extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee: Results of a double-blind, randomised, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Sowa I, Paduch R, Strzemski M, et al. Cap, then label the jars with the date made and ingredients. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Feb 8, 2023. Symphyti) in the treatment of ankle distorsions: Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a Diclo-fenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: Results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Scoop the finished comfrey cream into sanitized glass jars. Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale) is an attractive ornamental plant used in gardening and medicine. Rad. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Patients with hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to the plant should also avoid external use. Lewis, C. J. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. Additionally, because its alkaloids are absorbed through the skin, use of comfrey as a poultice should not exceed an exposure of 100 mcg/day of the alkaloids. 2014;20(4):347-55. Comfrey is not recommended for internal use because of the liver damage caused by its pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Food and Drug Administration. View abstract. Heat oil in double boiler gently then add beeswax until it melts. View abstract. Treatment with 4Jointz reduces knee pain over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Some medications can also harm the liver. Comfrey has been cultivated as a green vegetable and has been used as an herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years. Stam, C., Bonnet, M. S., & van Haselen, R. A. Simply massage into the skin as required. Drug class: Herbal products. 12 drops juniper berry (Juniperus communis) essential oil As we are constantly reviewing and developing our products to meet our consumer needs, consumers, particularly those that suffer from allergies and intolerances, should always check product labelling, warnings, and directions provided with the product that is delivered, prior to use or consumption. View abstract. radix) extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee: results of a double-blind, randomised, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Barna, M., Kucera, A., Hladikova, M., & Kucera, M. (2012). Bergamot oil is one of the most popular essential oils, but what is it & what are the benefits of using it? 2021;83:e249209. We answer questions, including what are essential oils? & what can I use them for? in this article. This is done by soaking the root in at least 50% alcohol for a minimum of two weeks. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. View abstract. Studies in humans are very limited. For topical comfrey cream, look for products labeled as free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Chiropr Med. Can quickly relieve muscle and joint pain. Effect of a blend of comfrey root extract (Symphytum officinale L.) and tannic acid creams in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiclinical trials. Comfrey has also been used for the following conditions: There is currently not enough evidence to recommend comfrey cream for any of these uses. Osteoarthritis.Cartilage. Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. Understand comfreys contraindications before using it. Bhupesh started his career as a Clinical Toxicologist for Public Health England, advising healthcare professionals all around the country on how to manage clinical cases of adverse exposure to supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial chemicals and agricultural products. Its ready when the mixture has solidified somewhat and has a cloudy, creamy, and slightly runny consistency. Fitoterapia. View abstract. This could change the effects and side effects of comfrey. Consult with a licensed healthcare professional before using any herbal/health supplement. Symphytum officinale), store bought or via recipe, above. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Newer Post Older . Glass bowl with a lid There is no daily recommended allowance for comfrey, sold in creams, ointments, gels, and salves. Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport, 14(3). Comfrey contains toxic substances that cause liver damage, cancer, and death. A symptomatic treatment of minor sprains and bruises. Lorem ipsum dolor sit nulla or narjusto laoreet onse ctetur adipisci. Whenselecting a brand of supplements, look for products certified by Consumer Labs, the U.S.Pharmacopeia, or NSF. Therapeutic use of comfrey is limited because of its toxicity. It may contain small amounts of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. They help us to understand how people use the website and give us the ability to provide targeted marketing to you. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Results of an observational study of patients]. The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Comfrey Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com 2004;154(21-22):498-507. The Herbal Academy supports trusted organizations with the use of affiliate links. We cover all you need to know in this article. Some drugs increase how quickly the liver changes and breaks down comfrey. This perennial can grow up to 4-feet tall. Koll R, Klingenburg S. [Therapeutic characteristance and tolerance of topical comfrey preparations. Stop using comfrey and call your healthcare provider at once if you have: liver problems--nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tired feeling, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Call your doctor for medical advice about . Comfrey has been used medicinally for at least 2000 years for various conditions, including bone fractures, ulcers, and gout. Knee pain and stiffness can be a stubborn concern that keeps many from doing activities they enjoy. Yield: Approximately 5 cups of whipped lotion. Many of those following the folk use of comfrey up to present-day think so. 2013;27(6):811-7. To use on established plants, dilute 1 part comfrey fertilizer in 15 parts water. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. In Western Europe, comfrey has been used topically for treating inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, gout, and thrombophlebitis, and internally for treating diarrhea. View abstract. Holland Barrett | Careers We are building the future of Health and Wellness Tech. 2010;13(7-8):509-526. doi:10.1080/10937404.2010.509013, Staiger C. Comfrey: A clinical overview. View abstract. Don't use comfrey products if you have or are at risk of having liver disease, cancer, or are taking any medication that affects the liver since it may increase the risk of liver toxicity. Kucera, M., Barna, M., Horacek, O., Kovarikova, J., and Kucera, A. Efficacy and safety of topically applied Symphytum herb extract cream in the treatment of ankle distortion: results of a randomized controlled clinical double blind study. (2013). Comfrey Oil: Benefits, Uses & Risks | Holland & Barrett When buying commercial brands, seek those that have had the pyrrolizidine alkaloids removed, if possible. After the tincture is made, then you can whip up the fabulous joint and muscle cream! Browse our Sports Hub, Get 20% student discount with Student Beans, Discover the latest natural beauty products. Adv Ther 2005;22(6):681-692. Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Learn more in. Roeder E. Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Influence of moderate physical exertion on subacute low back pain, after Symphytum officinale ointment treatment. One group used a cream with comfrey root fluid extract on the ankle while the others received a placebo. No comments. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Jedlinszki N, Balzs B, Csnyi E, Csupor D. Penetration of lycopsamine from a comfrey ointment through human epidermis. Avila C, Breakspear I, Hawrelak J, Salmond S, Evans S. A systematic review and quality assessment of case reports of adverse events for borage (Borago officinalis), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and comfrey (Symphytum officinale). Facebook; Twitter; Pinterest; Related Posts. Which part of the comfrey plant has the lowest level of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs)? (2001). The leaves and stems of comfrey contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause toxic damage if ingested in excess (Ulbricht, 2010). International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 5(4), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.11.002, Kuera, M., Barna, M., Horek, O., Kovrikov, J., & Kuera, A. Homeopathy. Avoid use. Comfrey's original name, knitbone, derives from the external use of poultices of its leaves and roots to heal burns, sprains, swelling, and bruises. Other uses not proven with research have included skin wounds, skin ulcers, cough, sore throat, gum disease, joint pain, diarrhea, and other conditions. When the root is boiled in water, it forms a sticky, glue-like paste. Barthomeuf, C. M., Debiton, E., Barbakadze, V. V., and Kemertelidze, E. P. Evaluation of the dietetic and therapeutic potential of a high molecular weight hydroxycinnamate-derived polymer from Symphytum asperum Lepech. Comfrey: Soothes Muscles & Joints + Helps Relieve Pain - Dr. Axe Comfrey Uses, Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions before use. Centurian, South Africa: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. J Agric.Food Chem 2001;49(8):3942-3946. After the consistency begins to thicken, turn the mixer up a little bit. Mei N, Guo L, Fu PP, Fuscoe JC, Luan Y, Chen T. Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. Symphytum species: A comprehensive review on chemical composition, food applications and phytopharmacology. Predel, H. G., Giannetti, B., Koll, R., Bulitta, M., and Staiger, C. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Jedlinszki, N., Balzs, B., Csnyi, E., & Csupor, D. (2017). Phytother.Res 2012;26(10):1441-1448. 95 ($14.78/Fl Oz) FREE delivery Wed, Mar 8 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. The Effect of Comfrey on Enoxaparin-Induced Bruise in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Terry Naturally Traumaplant Comfrey Cream - amazon.com Find out how to use it here along with its benefits. Comfrey contains chemicals called. hollandandbarrett.com is a trading name of Holland & Barrett Retail Limited,. Potters Comfrey Oil | Holland & Barrett Shop our range of Potter's Herbals products at Holland & Barrett, including Potters Comfrey Oil. HOLLAND & BARRETT PRO VITAMIN E DAY CREAM 50ML This Vitamin E day cream works with your skin daily to hydrate and protect your skin. 2013;163:5864 (2013) doi:10.1007/s10354-012-0162-4, Giannetti BM, Staiger C, Bulitta M, Predel HG. , meaning to grow together. Topical comfrey is for use only on the skin. We're proud to make a difference, and you can to. My family has used comfy for ingrown toenails. The study involved 43 patients with knee osteoarthritis and a six-week treatment period. of India has issued Environment Impact Assessment EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 for according Environment Clearance(EC) to 8 categories of industries/projects by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. The participants were assigned three weeks of treatment with two grams of either comfrey ointment or a placebo three times a day. It is called knitbone or boneset, referring to the bone-like growth of its roots. Jurcu, R., & Jurcu, I. We go to great efforts to ensure that the information on this page is accurate at the time that the page was last edited. After testing their 1000mg CBD oil drops for over a month, we now have little question this is the best CBD oil within the UK as of 2019. It's typically only used in small amounts for a very short period. This leads to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure. Staiger C. Comfrey root: from tradition to modern clinical trials. Registered office: Samuel Ryder House, Barling Way, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV10 7RH. Squish and squeeze as many leaves into as you can into the container. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). A member of the borage family, comfrey root, leaves, and stems have an obvious coat of bristly hair. Comfrey - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Mix for about 10 minutes, until nice and whipped. A limited number of clinical trials show short-term efficacy of topically applied, alkaloid-free comfrey preparations in skin abrasions and inflammatory conditions. Phytomedicine, 11(6), 470-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.02.001, Kucera, A., Barna, M., Holcova, S., Horacek, O., Hladikov, M., & Ottillinger, B. Br J Sports Med. An Evidence-Based Reference. Other prescription medicines that may harm the liver include: Some supplements may also harm the liver, including: It is essential to carefully read a supplement's ingredient list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. . COMFREY: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions - WebMD Penetration of lycopsamine from a comfrey ointment through human epidermis. The leaves and stems of comfrey contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause toxic damage if ingested in excess (Ulbricht, 2010). Stewart MJ, Steenkamp V. Pyrrolizidine poisoning: a neglected area in human toxicology. Comfrey is traditionally used for the symptomatic treatment of minor sprains and bruises and is also known for its healing properties Customer Reviews Ingredients Full ingredients Brassica Campest is Seed Oil (Rapeseed Oil), Symphytum Officinale Herb (Comfrey Herb), BHA, Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil (Eucalyptus Oil). View abstract. Comfrey [Online article]. However, not a rate considered harmful for those with healthy livers.10,11, Masters Degree in Toxicology and BSc Hons in Medical Biochemistry. Researchers have found it does seem to reduce pain in some conditions, including back pain, osteoarthritis, and ankle sprains. Topical preparations of comfrey are generally safe provided they are not applied excessively or to an open wound. Efficacy and safety of topically applied Symphytum herb extract cream in the treatment of ankle distortion: Results of a randomized controlled clinical double-blind study. Acupuncture for Chronic Pain: Update of an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. 2013;21(6):724-745. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.09.009. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Because of the risk of liver toxicity, comfrey cream shouldn't be used with other medicines that may also cause liver damage. Giannetti, B. M., Staiger, C., Bulitta, M., & Predel, H. G. (2010). radix) extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee: Results of a double-blind, randomised, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Although it has historically been used on open wounds, it is now not advised related to the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can absorb more readily into the body through an open wound. Its long, lance-shaped leaves can be up to 1 foot in length closer to the bottom of the stem and are shorter higher up the stem. Kucera, M., Barna, M., Horacek, O., Kalal, J., Kucera, A., and Hladikova, M. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. Grube, B., Grnwald, J., Krug, L., & Staiger, C. (2007). Vithayathil MK, Edwards M. Comfrey herbal remedy causing second-degree heart block: do not be outfoxed by digitalis. 4-4-2009;139(13-14):210-211. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 120 patients with acute back pain, symptoms were quickly reduced in the group using 4 grams of an ointment containing 35% comfrey root extract 3x/day for 5 days (Giannetti et al., 2010). Potter's Herbals Comfrey Ointment for Minor Sprains and Bruises View abstract. Tolerability and effectiveness of an antitrauma cream with comfrey herb extract in pediatric use with application on intact and on broken skin. Satisfaction. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Pour into bowl /jug big enough for all ingredients and safe for the mixer. Laslett, L. L., Quinn, S. J., Darian-Smith, E., Kwok, M., Fedorova, T., Korner, H., Steels, E., March, L., and Jones, G. Treatment with 4Jointz reduces knee pain over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Koll, R., Buhr, M., Dieter, R., Pabst, H., Predel, H. G., Petrowicz, O., Giannetti, B., Klingenburg, S., and Staiger, C. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract (Extr. 2012;(1):41-42. Avoid using comfrey extracts on broken skin or open wounds. Phytother Res. Phytother Res. Seal with a lid and then label with the ingredients and date. Braz J Biol. Since these toxic substances can be absorbed through the skin, there's concern about the safety of comfrey cream applied topically. Begin mixing on low. Comfrey contains chemicals that cause serious liver damage when taken by mouth. Shop buy 1 get 1 half price on all gut health products, Buy 1 get 1 Half Price | Plus an extra 20% off 25, App Exclusive | Get an extra 22% off 25 when you spend on the H&B App, Royal Mail strikes may cause a delay to our click and collect service, Looking for fitness advice & inspiration this New Year? Effects of Symphytum ointment on muscular symptoms and functional locomotor disturbances. 16 Rewards for Life points with this purchase. 2008;54(1):7-20. Topically applied comfrey oil is associated with a wide range of health benefits and can help with certainissues including: Comfrey oil is good at helping with superficial cuts, scratches, and scrapes. Comfrey cream combines ingredients like oils or water and glyceryl stearate with Symphytum officinale (comfrey) extracts. Although not all side effects are known, comfrey is thought to be possibly safe when applied to unbroken skin for less than 10 days. In a randomized multicenter study with 164 ankle sprain patients, swelling and pain were improved more successfully using a comfrey root extract compared to a diclofenac gel (Predel et al., 2005). More research is needed. Bagheri Z, Azizi A, Oshvandi K, Mohammadi Y, Larki-Harchegani A. Three clinical studies have provided evidence that ointments containing comfrey root have helped reduce back pain. Medicinal use of this product has not been approved by the FDA. Further study is needed to confirm these results. The efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel in the treatment of acute low back pain: a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind comparative clinical trial. Copyright Holland & Barrett Limited 2023. cbd cream holland and barrett for pain relief Comfrey root: from tradition to modern clinical trials, Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis, Effect of a blend of comfrey root extract (Symphytum officinale L.) and tannic acid creams in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiclinical trials, Treatment with 4Jointz reduces knee pain over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial.
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