a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

Terms such as "knowledge of " and "awareness of " cannot be measured very well, and words like this should be avoided. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. Each student essentially receives a customized learning experience, As mentioned earlier, CAL has become a popular training delivery method. In a typical lesson, an effective instructor normally uses a combination of methods. discussions provide the student with increased exposure to proper decision-making, From the description of guided discussion, it is obvious this method works best in a group situation, but it can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. Having decided on the objectives, an instructor can use this information to complete many of the steps on the lesson plan. Comprehensive examples of the desired learning outcomes, or behaviors, should be included in the standards. For an instructor who tends to ramble, notes are a must because they help keep the lecture on track. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. For example, if the instructor realizes from puzzled expressions that a number of students fail to grasp an idea, that point can be further elaborated until the reactions of the students indicate they understand. If Class D, E, and G airspace are the only airspace types being utilized by a student, save the discussion of A, B, and C airspace until they have operating familiarity with the other types. The nature of the questions should be determined by the lesson objective and desired learning outcomes, Once the discussion is underway, the instructor should listen attentively to the ideas, experiences, and examples contributed by the students during the discussion. It is important that students be given an opportunity to perform the skill as soon as possible after a demonstration. For example, consider a video presentation given during the weight and balance lecture. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. In contrast, training media are generally described as any physical means that communicates an instructional message to students. This preparation should start well in advance of the presentation. For example, instead of using many words to describe a sound, object, or function, the instructor plays a recording of the sound, shows a picture of the object, or presents a diagram of the function. Unlike other forms of projected material, CDs and DVDs can also be played on a laptop computer, On the other hand, CDs and DVDs offer their own disadvantages. female attractiveness scale with pictures; osdi 2021 accepted papers This might be someone saying, "But, what if ?" A. similarity between the idea transmitted and the idea received. Time relationships are most suitable when history is an important consideration, as in tracing the development of radio navigation systems, The simple-to-complex pattern helps the instructor lead the student from simple facts or ideas to an understanding of the phenomena or concepts involved. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. While a computer, screen, and projector may be needed for the classroom, a laptop computer may be all that is needed for the one-on-one presentation. The give and take of the discussion method also helps students learn to evaluate ideas, concepts, and principles. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. Take The Exams. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. This actually gives the instructor more time for one-on-one teaching. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. Individual maintenance instructors, as well as publishers, have compiled lists of typical questions and projects. The instructor must determine the method to be used in developing the subject matter. One way to increase retention during a lecture is to use the discussion method of training delivery, The discussion method modifies the pure lecture form by using lecture and then discussion to actively integrate the student into the learning process. Regardless of the method of development or depth of coverage, the success of the teaching lecture depends upon the instructors ability to communicate effectively with the class, In other methods of teaching such as demonstrationperformance or guided discussion, the instructor receives direct reaction from the students, either verbally or by some form of body language. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. To learn skills, students must practice. Major airlines have highlevel flight simulators that are so realistic that transitioning crews meet all qualifications in the flight simulator. Symbols, graphs, and diagrams can also show relationships of location, size, time, frequency, and value. A good visual aid can help the instructor show the students the path that they are to travel. If, however, a response is desired from a specific individual, a direct question may be asked of that student. Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. Just as a student can reread a section in a text, a student can review portions of a CAL program until it is understood. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. by Since charts may consist of a series of single sheets or be tied together in a flip-chart format with several pages, the location and handling of them should be planned in advance, A graph is a symbolic drawing which shows relationships or makes comparisons. In most cases, the objective is listed along with sufficient conditions to describe the scope of the objective. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. Effective problems: Relate to the real world so students want to solve them, Are open ended and not limited to one correct answer, Are connected to previously learned knowledge as well as new knowledge, Risk management, ADM, automation management, situational awareness, and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness are the skills encompassed by HOTS. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications. This topic is explored more thoroughly in hapter 9, Professional Development, Management skills generally include the ability to plan, organize, lead, and supervise. On the fifth approach, at five miles from the runway, the pilot stated that both engines quit due to fuel exhaustion. Manage the daily maintenance efforts for 9 P-3C aircraft to meet short and long range flight tasking. Lectures also can usefully and successfully supplement other teaching devices and methods. Networking with and observing other instructors to learn new strategies is also helpful. Another friend is planning to meet them at the airport and drive everyone to the game and back, Mark has strong motivation to fly his friends to the game so he keys up College Airport AWOS which reports clear and unrestricted visibility. Communication, discussed in Chapter 3, Effective Communication, underlies people skills. While test preparation materials may be effective in preparing students for FAA tests, the danger is that students may learn to pass a given test, but fail to learn other critical information essential to safe piloting and maintenance practices. In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. Another important people skill used by effective instructors is to challenge students intellectually while supporting their efforts to learn. The demonstration-performance method is divided into five phases: Explanations must be clear, pertinent to the objectives of the particular lesson to be presented, and based on the known experience and knowledge of the students. The second activity is the instructors supervision, Student performance requires students to act and do. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. research. Its versatility and effectiveness provide several advantages for most types of instruction. When practical, they should encourage student participation. The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. In addition, instructors and students may lack sufficient experience with personal computers to take full advantage of the software programs that are available, Improper or excessive use of e-learning should be avoided. Open-ended questions of the type used in guided discussion lend themselves readily to concepts of risk management and ADM. [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL). The interim summary may be omitted after discussing the last learning outcome when it is more expedient for the instructor to present the first part of the conclusion. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards in actual flight. As the student progresses through higher levels of performance and understanding, the instructor should shift the training focus to decision-based training objectives. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. It can be used during classroom periods and preflight and postflight briefings. The instructor should consider that the student may neither believe nor understand any point without the use of testimony from SMEs or without meaningful examples, statistics, or comparisons. Even airline simulator programs require tailoring and hands-on interaction with a human instructor. Performance-based objectives are essential in defining exactly what needs to be done and how it is done during each lesson. best dj pool for old school music. Care must be taken to display only a small amount of material and to make the material as simple but meaningful as possible, Numerous other useful print items may be considered as supplemental training aids. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. A major advantage of CDs and DVDs is the capability to store enormous amounts of information. Whatever type of projected training aid used, it is essential for the content to be current and support the lesson, Use of projected materials requires planning and practice. Nor do lectures easily allow an instructor to estimate student understanding of the material covered. Consequently, the student learns faster and more accurately, and the instructor saves time in the process, The use of any instructional aid must be planned, based on its ability to support a specific point in a lesson. Whenever possible, the various parts should be labeled or colored to clarify relationships, Production and equipment costs are limiting factors to consider in developing and using models, mock-ups, and cutaways. Students do not learn to weld during one shop period or to perform crosswind landings during one instructional flight. By organizing in this manner, the instructor phrases the questions to help the students obtain a firm grasp of the subject matter and to minimize the possibility of a rambling discussion, Plan at least one lead-off question for each desired learning outcome. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. In aviation, the term "training syllabus" is commonly used and in this context it is a step-by-step, building block progression of learning with provisions for regular review and assessments at prescribed stages of learning. The instructor, although no longer the center of attention, must continue to maintain complete control over the learning environment to ensure learning objectives are being achieved. Improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents, and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft. [Figure 4-14] The popularity of simulation games that provide players with complex situations and opportunities to learn have drawn educators into the gaming field as they seek interactive educational games that help students retain subject matter learning, The advantages of simulation/role-playing games come as the student learns new information, develops skills, connects and manipulates information. nira rodeo standings 2021 10, Jun, 2022. country mart warsaw, mo weekly ad; In addition to its uses as a summary and transitional device, the interim summary may also be used to keep the group on the subject or to divert the discussion to another member, A guided discussion is closed by summarizing the material covered. For example, in teaching aircraft maintenance, CAL programs produced by various aircraft manufacturers can be used to expose students to equipment not normally found at a maintenance school. Lectures can be used to present information that would be difficult for the students to get in other ways, particularly if the students do not have the time required for research, or if they do not have access to reference material. By removing the NTSBs determination of probable cause, a flight instructor can use the description as a case study. This is a good indication that the original version was confusing to that person. [Figure 4-7], The purpose of the motivation element is to offer the students specific reasons why the lesson content is important to know, understand, apply, or perform concepts of Thorndikes law of readiness. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. If the student wishes to repeat a section or a portion of the section, it can be done at any time merely by clicking on the appropriate icon, In teaching aviation students, CAL programs can be used by the instructor as another type of reference for students to study. In the opening scenario, students performed a task (weight and balance computation) as a group, and prior to terminating the performance phase, they were allowed to independently complete the task at least once with supervision and coaching as necessary, In this phase, the instructor judges student performance. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. However, the instructor provides the answer to the rhetorical question. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. A syllabus is a summary or outline of a course of study that generally contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. In studying jet propulsion, for example, the student might begin by considering the action involved in releasing air from a toy balloon and finish by taking part in a discussion of a complex gas turbine engine, Do not be afraid to omit "less important" information at first in order to simplify the learning process. First of all, instructors need to begin planning early to determine what the student group is expected to learn and to be able to do on their own. Professional instructors should not limit their objectives to meeting only the published requirements for pilot or AMT certification, Instructional objectives should also extend beyond those listed in official publications. For example, in concluding a discussion on density altitude, an instructor might give a fairly complete description of an accident which occurred due to a pilot attempting to take off in an overloaded airplane from a short runway at a high-altitude airport on a hot day, The summary should be succinct, but not incomplete. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. The pilot told the controllers that he would attempt an instrument approach. All members of the group should follow the discussion. The projection angle should be adjusted to eliminate image distortion. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. This is necessary because it is very important that each student perform the maneuver or operation the right way the first few times to establish a good habit. The major advantage of CAL is that it is interactivethe computer responds in different ways, depending on student input. The revised performance-based objective may now read, "Using a sectional chart and a flight computer, plan a flight and fly from point A to point B in a Cessna 172. [Figure 4-1]. The effective instructor is able to interpret the meaning of these reactions and adjust the lesson accordingly. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. In addition, FAA inspectors and designated examiners have found that student applicants often exhibit a lack of knowledge during oral questioning, even though many have easily passed the FAA knowledge test. Defining a "good instructor" has proven more elusive, but in The Essence of Good Teaching (1985), psychologist Stanford C. Ericksen wrote "good teachers select and organize worthwhile course material, lead students to encode and integrate this material in memorable form, ensure competence in the procedures and methods of a discipline, sustain intellectual curiosity, and promote how to learn independently", Much research has been devoted to trying to discover what makes a "good" or effective instructor.

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