By 2021, approximately 50,546 Texans spoke French or a French-creole language. GET TO KNOW US PLAN FOR SUCCESS Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming the Republic of Texas. An estimated 788,000 lived in Texas from 15 to 19 and 20 years or more. Of its dense population, two-thirds of all Texans live in major metropolitan areas such as Houston. Meet Texas by Texas (or TxT for short), your personal, portable government assistant from Texas.gov. [239] Texas has the fifth highest rate of teenage births in the nation and a plurality of these are to Hispanics or Latinos. Of the undocumented immigrant population, 951,000 have resided in Texas from less than 5 up to 14 years. ON-CAMPUS VISITS Tours include stops at residence halls, academic buildings and popular hangout spots. The largest Christian denomination as of 2014 has been the Catholic Church, per the Pew Research Center at 23% of the population, though Protestants altogether made up 50% of the Christian population in 2014;[255] in another study by the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, the Catholic Church's membership increased to encompassing 28% of the population identifying with a religious or spiritual belief. It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried. [285], Unlike the rest of the nation, most of Texas is on its own alternating current power grid, the Texas Interconnection. The state experiences the most tornadoes in the United States, an average of 139 a year. [17] The state's annexation set off a chain of events that led to the MexicanAmerican War in 1846. Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844. [406][f] IAH offers service to the most Mexican destinations of any U.S. [93] After several weeks of retreat, the Texian Army commanded by Sam Houston attacked and defeated Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto. [53] The colony lasted only four years before succumbing to harsh conditions and hostile natives. The founders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) used the Texas agency as one of their models for petroleum price control. [138][139][140][141], From the mid-2000s to 2019, Texas gained an influx of business relocations and regional headquarters from companies in California. [109] When Abraham Lincoln was elected, South Carolina seceded from the Union. The first Texas freeway was the Gulf Freeway opened in 1948 in Houston. STAAR assess students' attainment of reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies skills required under Texas education standards and the No Child Left Behind Act. [416], Since 1911, Texas has led the nation in length of railroad miles within the state. [97], While Texas had won its independence, political battles raged between two factions of the new Republic. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and the Southwestern regions. Another 5,200 are at the branch campuses in Galveston and Qatar and at the School of Law, Higher Education Center at McAllen . "A History of the Caddo Indians". [51][52], European powers ignored the area until accidentally settling there in 1685. 30,029,572, https://www.britannica.com/place/Texas-state, Jewish Virtual Library - Texas, United States, Official Tourism Site of Texas, United States, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - A Guide to the United States History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, Since 1776: Texas, Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Coahuila and Texas, Texas - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Texas - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Texas congressman's breaks with GOP could lead to censure, Storms roll eastward after slamming Texas; 5 deaths reported, Tornadoes, power outages as storm crosses Texas, Louisiana, Close call, turbulent flight add to aviation safety concerns, No. Texas joined the newly created Confederate States of America on March 4, 1861, ratifying the permanent C.S. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The state also has the highest solar power potential for development in the U.S.[285], With large universities systems coupled with initiatives like the Texas Enterprise Fund and the Texas Emerging Technology Fund, a wide array of different high tech industries have developed in Texas. The state does not have townshipsareas within a county are either incorporated or unincorporated. 30,029,572. The test replaced the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) test in the 20112012 school year. [327][328][329] Texas was the largest U.S. state until Alaska became a state in 1959. [425], The bicameral Texas Legislature consists of the House of Representatives, with 150 members, and a Senate, with 31 members. [285][299] In 2014, 10.6% of the electricity consumed in Texas came from wind turbines. [283], The Railroad Commission of Texas, contrary to its name, regulates the state's oil and gas industry, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the liquefied petroleum gas industry, and surface coal and uranium mining. As of 2022-Q3, Texas had a gross state product (GSP) of $2.4 trillion, the second highest in the U.S.[262] Its GSP is greater than the GDPs of Canada, Russia and Italy, which are the world's 8th-, 9th- and 10th-largest economies, respectively. Discover Texas A&M's time-honored traditions. [77] Most of these early settlers who arrived with Austin and soon after were persons less than fortunate in life, as Texas was devoid of the comforts found elsewhere in Mexico and the United States during that time. [29][27] It was incorporated as provincia de Texas into the Mexican Empire in 1821, and declared a republic in 1836. [43], During the Texas Revolution, the U.S. became heavily involved. [90], During this time of political turmoil, Mexican President Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna personally led an army to end the revolt. As with some other states before, the lumber industry quickly expanded in Texas and was its largest industry before the beginning of the 20th century. [195] As of 2017[update] the state emits about 1,600billion pounds (707million metric tons) of carbon dioxide annually. Preseason SP+ rankings for all 133 FBS teams. [207] The office of the Texas Attorney General stated, in 2011, that Texas had about 2,294 colonias, and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias. The Cross Timbers region and Caprock Escarpment are part of the Interior Lowlands. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [247] In some areas of the stateparticularly in the large citiesWestern American English and General American English, is increasingly common. [360], Trinity University, a private, primarily undergraduate liberal arts university in San Antonio, has ranked first among universities granting primarily bachelor's and select master's degrees in the Western United States for 20 consecutive years by U.S. During the 2014 crisis, many Central Americans, including unaccompanied minors traveling alone from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, reached the state, overwhelming Border Patrol resources for a time. Find the service and agency that can help you. Copyright 2023 State of Texas. It was ultimately, though, the discovery of major petroleum deposits (Spindletop in particular) that initiated an economic boom that became the driving force behind the economy for much of the 20th century. Following the Texas Revolution, the Texans chose to make peace with their Native peoples but did not honor former land claims or agreements[citation needed]. Indeed, "Gone to Texas" was a common expression for those fleeing the law in other states. Renew or replace driver license/ID with TxT, Renew massage therapy/instructor license with TxT, It's government just the way you want it - powerful, personalized, and in your pocket. Fearing retribution of other native peoples, Indian Agents all over the eastern U.S. began desperately trying to convince all their native peoples to uproot and move west. Prior treaties with the Spanish forbade either side from militarizing its native population in any potential conflict between the two nations. [224] The major countries of origin for Texan immigrants were Mexico (55.1% of immigrants), India (5%), El Salvador (4.3%), Vietnam (3.7%), and China (2.3%). Massage therapistand massage instructor license renewal, Now that you've learned a little more about TxT,head over to, You can also download the official TxT mobile app from the, To access other Texas.gov online services, visit the, Texas Records and Information Locator (TRAIL), Say hello to your new personal, portable government assistant, Create a secure account thats unique to you, Make TxT smarter with your personalized profile and account settings, Stay on track with your to-do list and proactive reminders, Take care of your government transactions in a snap, Driver license/ID/CDL renewal or replacement. Texans accused tribes, including the Caddo of stealing livestock despite lacking evidence. Positioned between French Louisiana and Spanish Texas, the Caddo maintained cordial relations with both, but were closer with the French. [106], With 10 climatic regions, 14 soil regions and 11 distinct ecological regions, regional classification becomes problematic with differences in soils, topography, geology, rainfall, and plant and animal communities. At that time, several sudden outbreaks of violence between Native Americans and Texans started to spread. [238] Based on U.S. Census Bureau data released in February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas's white population is below 50% (45%) and Hispanics grew to 38%. The Turnover Luck Index: Rating every 2022 team, from USC to Rutgers, Why Jimbo Fisher, Quinn Ewers and USC all have plenty to prove in 2023. Former Aggie guard Mark French previewed men's hoops' upcoming battle with LSU and offered his thoughts on Texas and Oklahoma joining the SEC. In 1990, the Islamic population was about 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current number of Muslims between 350,000 and 400,000 as of 2012. Since the campaign's inception in 1986, the phrase has become "an identity statement, a declaration of Texas swagger". [citation needed], Night-time summer temperatures range from the upper 50s F (14C) in the West Texas mountains to 80F (27C) in Galveston.[182][183]. [224] According to the American Community Survey's 2019 estimates, 1,739,000 residents were undocumented immigrants, a decrease of 103,000 since 2014 and increase of 142,000 since 2016. Texas.gov | The Official Website of the State of Texas [55], In 1690 Spanish authorities, concerned that France posed a competitive threat, constructed several missions in East Texas among the Caddo. [378], Texas has many elite research medical centers. [224] As of 2018, the population increased to 4.9 million foreign-born residents or 17.2% of the state population, up from 2,899,642 in 2000. [33][41] Only the Alabama-Coushatta would remain in the parts of Texas subject to white settlement, though the Comanche would continue to control most of the western half of the state until their defeat in the 1870s and 1880s.[44]. Texan", "Do You Speak American . The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the largest nontrinitarian Christian group in Texas alongside the Jehovah's Witnesses.[255]. In return, for US$18,250,000, Mexico gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, ceded the Mexican Cession in 1848, most of which today is called the American Southwest, and Texas's borders were established at the Rio Grande. The pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9, below the national average of 15.3. These strike most frequently in North Texas and the Panhandle. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. [446], Texas voters lean toward fiscal conservatism, while enjoying the benefits of huge federal investment in the state in military and other facilities achieved by the power of the Solid South in the 20th century. [91] The Mexican expedition was initially successful. [59], Hostile native tribes and distance from nearby Spanish colonies discouraged settlers from moving to the area. [271][272], Instead, the state collects revenue from property taxes (though these are collected at the county, city, and school district level; Texas has a state constitutional prohibition against a state property tax) and sales taxes. Nevertheless, the state also attracted many businessmen and other settlers with more legitimate interests as well. [335] The city's music revolves around the nightclubs on 6th Street; events like the film, music, and multimedia festival South by Southwest; the longest-running concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits; and the Austin City Limits Music Festival held in Zilker Park. In contrast, Evangelical Protestants altogether were 31% of the population at the Pew Research Center's 2014 study, and Baptists were the largest Evangelical tradition (14%);[255] per the 2014 study, they made up the second largest Mainline Protestant group behind Methodists (4%). Around 1,150 seaports dot Texas's coast with over 1,000 miles (1,600km) of channels. Once you create your account with a Texas driver license or ID, TxT takes charge bykeeping track of your upcoming deadlines, reminding you when its time to take action, and letting you wrap up transactionsin just a few clicks. After electing interim officers, the Convention disbanded. [413], The first railroad to operate in Texas was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway, opening in August 1853. [369] Causes of the state's poor rankings include politics, a high poverty rate, and the highest rate of illegal immigration in the nation. (1992), The Spanish Frontier in North America, Yale Western Americana Series, New Haven, Connecticut: "Texas. . [88] Texians elected delegates to the Consultation, which created a provisional government. 2 for total agricultural revenue, behind California. [185] Tornadoes in Texas generally occur in the months of April, May, and June. Texas A&M offers more than 130 majors designed to ignite your curiosity, equip you to lead and launch the career of your dreams. [162], The Great Plains region in Central Texas spans through the state's panhandle and Llano Estacado to the state's hill country near Lago Vista and Austin. [467] The Southwestern Exposition and Livestock Show in Fort Worth is the oldest continuously running rodeo incorporating many of the state's most historic traditions into its annual events. [420] The A-train commuter rail line, operated by DCTA, acts as an extension of the DART Green line into Denton County. Hidalgo County, as of 2011, has the largest number of colonias. [179] Dallas in the North Central region averages a more moderate 37 inches (940mm) per year. [126][127] The Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912,[128] coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V. Debs. Rick Perry makes a call to Aggie in orbit", "Texas native becomes first female to lead NASA's Mission Control flight directors", "Texas A&M hands out first Phyllis Frye award", "Return to Glory The Cotton Bowl: Texas A&M vs. Tennessee; Cotton Bowl Insider", "Khalid Al-Falih appointed Saudi Aramco President and CEO, effective January 1, 2009", "Rising Star: Eduardo Castro-Wright, Wal-Mart: Dr. Wiesner is a notable psychotherapist in The Woodlands, Texas. [270] According to the Tax Foundation, Texans' state and local tax burdens rank among the lowest in the nation, 7th lowest nationally; state and local taxes cost $3,580 per capita, or 8.4 percent of resident incomes. Sea to Shining Sea . These events allowed Galveston to take over as the chief port city. The DallasFort Worth metroplex is one of only twelve American metropolitan areas that host sports teams from all the "Big Four" professional leagues. A hurricane in 1875 killed about 400 people in Indianola, followed by another hurricane in 1886 that destroyed the town. The image of Texas was that of a raw and lawless frontier when it relinquished its independence to become a state. [434][435], Although Texas was essentially a one-party state during this time and the Democratic primary was viewed as "the real election", the Democratic Party had conservative and liberal factions, which became more pronounced after the New Deal. FINAL: #4 Ole Miss 77, #13 Texas A&M 60 (SEC Tournament, Quaterfinal) Back for their third game in as many days, 13th-seeded Texas A&M faces No. Admissions - Visit | Admissions - Texas A&M University President M. Katherine Banks gave the following remarks during the 2022 State of the University Address. Most cities in the state, those over 5,000 in population, have home-rule governments. It is ranked No. [422], Amtrak provides Texas with limited intercity passenger rail service. John McCain won the state in 2008, but with a smaller margin of victory compared to Bush at 55 percent of the vote. Texas has two courts of last resort: the Texas Supreme Court, for civil cases, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Texas means top national programs with a public mission, an affordable cost, and a culture that welcomes talented, diverse students with unlimited potential. The Texas A&M Aggies left the Big 12 and joined the Southeastern Conference in 2012, which led the Big 12 to invite TCU to join; TCU was previously in the Mountain West Conference. Early Texas settler David B. Edwards described his fellow Texans as being "banished from the pleasures of life". Students flocked to College Station to take part in a heart-pounding, fast-paced video game development competition hosted by Texas A&Ms School of Performance, Visualization & Fine Arts. [375] In May 2021, the state legislature passed the Texas Heartbeat Act, which banned abortion from as early as six weeks of pregnancy, except to save the life of the mother. A state convention considering secession opened in Austin on January 28, 1861. One in six students are military connected. It is one of the 32 states that practice capital punishment, and since the US Supreme Court allowed capital punishment to resume in 1976, 40% of all U.S. executions have taken place in Texas. General Jos de Urrea defeated all the Texian resistance along the coast culminating in the Goliad massacre.
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