B. M. Hertzog, who had recently insisted on his choice of the Earl of Clarendon as governor-general of that country, and the selection of an Irishman as governor-general of the Irish Free State. John Robert Kerr (1914-1991), lawyer, judge, and governor-general, was born on 24 September 1914 at Balmain, Sydney, eldest of eight children of New South Wales-born parents Harry Kerr, boilermaker, and his wife Laura May, ne Cardwell. Such decisions are usually taken on the advice of the prime minister, although that is not stated in the constitution. He later stepped down over the church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in 2016. Stanley Bruce (1925) and Joseph Lyons (1935) either asked for or were given a list of suitable candidates to choose from. Only one governor-general, Dame Quentin Bryce (20082014), has been a woman. log in. Examples of this have been the Flags Act (1953), the Royal Styles and Titles Acts (1953 and 1973), and the Australia Act (1986). Governors-general have no fixed term, but have usually served for around five years. Lord Dudley was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (19021905). The Governor General is the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. Get to know the people and work of the Parliamentary Education Office, contact us and discover how to use our website. We pay our respects to elders past and present. [47] He did however serve as the association's patron during his term of office. The constitutional crisis of 1975 raised the possibility of the prime minister and the governor-general attempting to dismiss each other at the same time. On 24 June 2010 the 25th and first female governor-general of Australia, Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC, swore in the 27th and first female prime minister, Ms Julia Gillard. The first female Governor-General was the Honourable . The Governor-General has specific constitutional and statutory powers. [35][36] Hasluck's successor John Kerr made state visits to eight countries, but Kerr's successor Zelman Cowen made only a single state visit to Papua New Guinea as he wished to concentrate on travelling within Australia. Write to the Governor-General or Government House at: Government House Dunrossil Drive YARRALUMLA ACT 2600 Tel: (02) 6283 3533 E-mail the Governor-General or Government House The Governor-General does not have the authority to make decisions on behalf of the government but has a role in both the government and the Parliament. In 2003, Archbishop Peter Hollingworth voluntarily stood aside while controversial allegations against him were managed, and the letters patent of the office were amended to take account of this circumstance. The constitution also provides that the salary of the governor-general cannot be "altered" during his or her term of office. Until 2015, the honour continued after the retirement from office of the governor-general. By convention, this may only be upon advice from the prime minister, who retains responsibility for selecting an immediate replacement or letting the vacancy provisions take effect. The reserve powers are, according to the Constitution of Australia: Those powers are generally and routinely exercised on ministerial advice, but the governor-general retains the ability to act independently in certain circumstances, as governed by convention. The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. Theyre the first to show up and the last to leave. Place of birth. The salary of the governor-general was initially set by the constitution, which fixed an annual amount of A10,000 until the parliament decided otherwise. The Governor-General acts on the advice of Ministers who are responsible to Parliament (and ultimately, through elections, the Australian people). The following year, as Ronald Munro Ferguson's term was about to expire, Hughes cabled the Colonial Office and asked that the appointment be made in accordance with the memorandum. Governors-general have during their tenure the style His/Her Excellency the Honourable and their spouses have the style His/Her Excellency. Before this she was the Governor of Queensland and she used to be a lawyer. [61] The memorandum met with strong opposition within the Colonial Office and was dismissed by Lord Milner, the Colonial Secretary; no response was given. "Charles is our Head of State, and he will be welcomed here as would other members of the Royal Family at any time," the Prime Minister said. In an address to the Sydney Institute, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir David Smith, a retired official secretary to the governor-general of Australia who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". Permission should be sought from Government House for third-party or commercial uses of this image. Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime minister's direct advice (the practice until 1926 was that Dominion prime ministers advised the monarch indirectly, through the British government, which effectively had a veto over any proposal it did not agree with). There have been only Australian occupants since then, although Sir Ninian Stephen (19821989) had been born in Britain. Commonwealth of Australia | Page last reviewed 15 Sept 2022, Welcome to the Parliamentary Education Office. They appoint a deputy, to whom members make an oath of allegiance before they take their seats. awarding special honours, in their role as the Chancellor of the Order of Australia. opening and attending national and international meetings and conferences, attending exhibitions and sporting events, attending functions as an official patron of organisations, visiting regions or areas to meet people involved in a particular group or industry. The first Governor-General, the Earl of Hopetoun, was a previous governor of Victoria. The official cars of the governor-general fly the Flag of the Governor-General of Australia and display St. Edward's Crown instead of number plates. The 30 recipients of awards in the Military Division of the Order of Australia include: The 64 recipients of Distinguished and Conspicuous awards include: An additional 77 Australians recognised for their contribution in support of Australias response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been added to the COVID-19 Honour Roll. The office of "governor-general" was previously used in Australia in the mid-19th century. Macquarie joined the British army as a boy and served in North America . A vacancy occurs on the resignation, death, or incapacity of the governor-general. The Governor-General of Australia is a powerful person in the country. [6][12][13] These oaths are administered by the chief justice of Australia or another senior judge. I've been invited to his coronation, on the first Saturday in May, I will attend along with the Governor-General, with other guests as well who have been invited by the Palace," he said. [9] Governors-General since 1901 are listed in Appendix 1. [40] No formal declarations of war have been made since World War II, although in 1973 the Whitlam Government advised the governor-general to proclaim the end of Australia's involvement in Vietnam, despite the lack of an initiating proclamation. [62] In 1925, under Prime Minister Stanley Bruce, the same practice was followed for the appointment of Forster's successor Lord Stonehaven, with the Australian government publicly stating that his name "had been submitted, with others, to the Commonwealth ministry, who had selected him".[63]. Sir Matthew Nathan, Governor of Queensland from 1920 to 1925, was Australia's only Jewish governor until the appointment of Linda Dessau as Governor of Victoria in 2015. These duties include: There are 2 official residences that can be used by the Governor-General and their family: The first Governor-General was the Right Honourable John Adrian Louis Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, who served from 1901 to 1903. Two other men sit on the other side of the desk. Menzies's fourth nomination was Richard Casey, who took office in 1965; he and all subsequent governors-general have been Australian citizens. The first Governor-General was the Right Honourable John Adrian Louis Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, who served from 1901 to 1903. The public role adopted by Sir John Kerr was curtailed considerably after the constitutional crisis of 1975; Sir William Deane's public statements on political issues produced some hostility towards him; and some charities disassociated themselves from Peter Hollingworth after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane became a matter of controversy. The Governor-General is the Chancellor of the Order of Australia and each year approves awards to recognise the service and contribution of outstanding Australians through the Australian Honours and AwardsSystem. For the first two decades after federation, governors-general were selected solely by the British government. These means the Governor-General is a part of both the Parliament and the executive government, and carries out tasks on behalf of the King. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. Formerly, all governors-general automatically became a knight upon being sworn in.[55]. The first female governor-general, Quentin Bryce, took office in 2008. Section 5 states that "the Governor-General may appoint such times for holding the sessions of the Parliament [] prorogue the Parliament [and] dissolve the House of Representatives." However, it remained unclear just whose prerogative it now became to decide who new governors-general would be. Gorton agreed to put the matter to his ministers, and a cabinet meeting agreed that troops should only be called out if requested by the territory's administrator; this did not occur. I am committed as Governor-General to support these people in their work. Secondly lead a very successful life Reaching top of profession and be a bridge builder within you that profession. Today, the law ensures the salary is higher than that for the Chief Justice of the High Court, over a five-year period. The King and Queen Consort will first head to France on March 16, where they will undertake engagements in Paris and Bordeaux. He spent much of his retirement in Europe but returned to Australia several times in the 1980s . New details have emerged about the role Australia will play at the coronation of King Charles III, as the government responds to questions about a visit to Australia by the monarch. However, that custom fell into disuse during the tenure of Sir Paul Hasluck. In practice, early Governors-General were appointed by the United Kingdom's Colonial Secretary. After the initial confusion of the Hopetoun Blunder, he appointed the first prime minister of Australia, Edmund Barton, to a caretaker government, with the inaugural 1901 federal election not occurring until March. The salutation for a letter addressed to the Governor-General and Mrs Hurley should be "Your Excellencies". Please read ourPrivacy Statement. attending the opening of a new Parliament and making a speech about what the new government intends to do, administering the oath of office to the Prime Minister, ministers, judges and other officials, meeting foreign heads of state and ambassadors. [5] The monarch then permits the recommendation to be publicly announced, usually several months before the end of the existing governor-general's term. The governor-general presides over a Federal Executive Council. The most notable use of the reserve powers occurred in November 1975, in the course of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The only way a person can be recognised is for someone to nominate them., 6 appointments as Companions of the Order, 177 appointments as Members of the Order (surname, 506 people were awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (surname (, The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General. Various governors-general had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony: Lord Hopetoun (Victoria 18891895); Lord Tennyson (South Australia 18991902); Lord Gowrie (South Australia 192834; and New South Wales 19351936); Major General Michael Jeffery (Western Australia 19932000); Dame Quentin Bryce (Queensland 20032008); General David Hurley (New South Wales 20142019). [53] There is also a tropical version made of white tropical wool cut in a typical military fashion worn with a plumed helmet. From that time until 2014, governors-general did not receive automatic titles or honours, other than the post-nominal AC by virtue of being Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Australia. In the constitution, the words "Governor-General-in-council" mean the governor-general acting with the advice of the Council. In practice, the associated powers over the Australian Defence Force are only exercised on the advice of the prime minister or minister for defence, on behalf of cabinet. To contact Government House fill in the form located at http://www.gg.gov.au/contact.php or phone: 02 6283 3533. During these months, the person recommended is referred to as the governor-general-designate. Theyre almost always humble to a fault but I urge recipients, for today, to put aside that humility - its important they know how much they are valued.. Under the Australian Constitution, the only action performed by The King is the appointment of the Governor-General (on the advice of the Australian Prime Minister). Become an expert in teaching about the Australian Parliament with our curriculum-aligned education. Both the prime minister, John Howard, and Clarence House repudiated the suggestion.[67][68]. [43] For instance, in 1970 Governor-General Paul Hasluck refused Prime Minister John Gorton's request to authorise a Pacific Islands Regiment peacekeeping mission in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, on the grounds that cabinet had not been consulted. Dunrossil Drive On 16 December 2018, prime minister Scott Morrison announced that the next governor-general would be General David Hurley, then-governor of New South Wales. The chief scout is nominated by the Scouting Association's National Executive Committee and is invited by the president of the Scout Association to accept the appointment. Sections 58 to 60 allow the governor-general to withhold assent, suggest changes, refer to the Monarch or proclaim that the Monarch has annulled the legislation. The Governor-General of Australiais addressed as His/Her Excellencydenoting his/her rank the vice-royal representative of the monarchto a Commonwealth nation. That role can become controversial, however, if the governor-general becomes unpopular with sections of the community. A governor-general is not appointed for a specific term, but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension. Sir Charles FitzRoy (Governor of New South Wales from 18461855) and Sir William Denison (Governor of New South Wales from 18551861) also carried the additional title of Governor-General because their jurisdiction extended to other colonies in Australia.[56]. Australia has had 26 Governors-General. At the start of Chapter 2 on executive government, the constitution says "The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and is exercisable by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative". [44] The incident contributed to Fraser's resignation from cabinet in 1971 and Gorton's subsequent loss of the prime ministership.[45]. Australia's Governor-General David Hurley has contracted COVID-19 and is experiencing mild symptoms, a spokesperson says. Until 1989, all governors-general were members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and thus held the additional style The Right Honourable for life. Hopetoun left for England on 17 July 1902. These are the people who see us through good times and bad. Lord Dunrossil (as William Morrison) was Speaker of the UK House of Commons. 87 following. 25. Each recipient has something in common someone nominated them. In the United Kingdom, the reserve powers of the monarch (which are typically referred to as the "royal prerogative")[29] are not explicitly stated in constitutional enactments, and are the province of convention and common law. In our opinion it is an essential consequence of the equality of status existing among the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations that the Governor-General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government. These provisions make it clear that the Monarch's role in the parliament is in name only and the actual responsibility belongs to the governor-general. Governor-General of Australia Quentin Bryce's appointment was announced during her term as Governor of Queensland; she had previously been the Federal Sex Discrimination Commissioner. The governor-general of Australia is the head of the executive branch of the federal government, serving as the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Charles III).
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